Is History Repeating Itself? Religion, War, and Democracy with Sam Harris & Simon Sebag Montefiore

The podcast discusses the current global instability and the potential unraveling of the liberal world order, drawing parallels to historical periods of upheaval. The speakers examine the historical roots of religious conflict, particularly focusing on Jerusalem and its significance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, ultimately suggesting that the resurgence of religious fanaticism and a multipolar world are key factors in the current instability.

The End of the Liberal World Order

• 00:06:18 The podcast highlights the exceptional period of relative peace and stability from 1945 to 2001, marked by international cooperation and a shared worldview among global powers. The speakers suggest that this period is ending, with the rise of multiple powers and a decline in American multilateralism, leading to increased global chaos. The authors also suggest that liberal democracies are facing internal crises that could weaken them further.

The Significance of Jerusalem

• 00:15:24 Jerusalem is a focal point of tension due to its significance in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The authors highlight that the city's status is non-negotiable for billions of people, and any perceived threat or change could spark global conflict. The history of Jerusalem, marked by both periods of peace and destruction, is presented as a cautionary tale for the present.

The Roots of Religious Conflict

• 00:21:06 The three Abrahamic religions share a common origin and history in the region, with each building upon and reinterpreting the narratives of its predecessors. The podcast emphasizes that this shared history and the significance of Jerusalem have led to conflicts and tensions that continue to influence the present. This history offers a valuable lens for understanding the origins of current conflicts in the region.

The History of Jews in the Region

• 00:26:39 The history of the Jewish people in the region, including their kingdoms, exiles, and rebellions, is detailed. This history provides context for understanding the current political landscape and the complex relationship between Israelis and Palestinians. The authors suggest that the current conflict is deeply rooted in the past and that understanding this history is essential for navigating the future.

The Rise of Christianity and Islam

• 00:34:45 The podcast explores the historical emergence of Christianity and Islam, showing how each religion originated from Judaism and developed its own distinct identity and following. The authors emphasize that the rise of these religions was intertwined with political and social upheavals, and that their spread was shaped by the desire for a new social order. The conversion of Constantine and the early expansion of Islam are key moments in this history.