France : il y a 100 ans, la grève victorieuse des sardinières de Douarnenez • FRANCE 24

The 1924 sardine factory workers' strike in Douarnenez, France, marked a significant victory for female workers who demanded higher wages in the face of difficult working conditions. The strike, which lasted 46 days, resulted in a wage increase and a collective agreement, becoming a historical landmark and a precursor to feminist movements in the region. This centennial anniversary of the strike is being commemorated through a series of cultural events, including the revival of the workers' songs and a re-creation of a historical photograph, demonstrating the enduring legacy of the 'Sardine Heads' and their struggle.

Strike of Sardine Workers

• 00:00:05 The 1924 strike by sardine factory workers in Douarnenez, France, was a pivotal moment in labor history. The predominantly female workforce fought for a 20-centime wage increase, highlighting the harsh working conditions and low pay of the time. The strike lasted 46 days, and the women's determination ultimately led to a victory, achieving their wage goals and a collective bargaining agreement, including increased night shift wages.

Working Conditions

• 00:01:38 The sardine workers endured extremely demanding conditions, including working with sharp tools and boiling water. The work was physically strenuous, with many young women, some as young as 12 years old, laboring in cold and damp environments. The lack of pensions meant that women could work until 70, creating a cycle of poverty and challenging the notion of a 'normal' life.

Political Context

• 00:03:09 The 1924 strike took place in the immediate aftermath of World War I, during a period of inflation and growing labor movements. The strike quickly gained traction, expanding beyond the initial factory and gaining support from the mayor and the CGTU (Confédération générale du travail unitaire). However, the factory owners initially resisted, fearing the strike could inspire others, but they ultimately conceded due to pressure from the government and unrest following a violent incident.

Feminist Movement

• 00:05:01 While the strike wasn't explicitly a feminist movement, the women's role in leading it was highly inspiring. Joséphine Pencalet, a prominent figure in the strike, became one of the first female council members in France in 1925, despite women not having the right to vote. Though her election was subsequently invalidated, it marked a significant step towards female political participation and recognition.

Commemoration of Strike

• 00:07:19 The centennial of the 1924 strike is being commemorated in Douarnenez with a series of events. These include cultural activities, concerts, and a revival of the revolutionary songs that workers sang during the strike. A local women's choir, many of whom are descendants of the original strikers, is honoring the struggle of the ‘Sardine Heads.’ Further, the town has recreated a historical photo from the strike, showing a new generation honoring the strikers.