Does Johnny Harris understand Nationalism? | History Teacher Reacts

The video explores the relatively recent invention of nationalism, challenging the notion that countries have always existed as natural entities. It examines how the concept of nationalism developed through various historical events, including the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and industrialization, ultimately leading to the modern nation-state system with its inherent flaws and potential for conflict.

Nationalism's Origins

• 00:00:38 Nationalism is a relatively new concept, despite feeling ingrained in human history. The modern form of nationalism arose in the age of Napoleon and is often associated with extreme pride in one's nation, its people, and its land. While the concept of a nation is broader than just land and borders, it emphasizes a shared heritage and identity.

France's Development

• 00:05:04 France's historical development counters the narrative of a long-standing national identity. Initially, it consisted of smaller, fractured communities with diverse languages and ethnicities, not unified under a French identity. The French Revolution introduced the idea of popular sovereignty and citizenship, a step toward nationalism, but a truly unified French identity emerged only after Napoleon's reign and with industrialization.

Napoleon's Influence

• 00:20:20 Napoleon Bonaparte played a crucial role in solidifying French nationalism. He fostered patriotism through symbols, songs, and art, emphasizing French greatness. He also shifted loyalty from religion towards the nation by crowning himself Emperor, sidelining the Catholic Church. Napoleon's actions helped create a unified French identity in place of the previously fragmented communities.

Industrialization's Role

• 00:26:09 Industrialization further unified France through infrastructure, creating a physical connection between communities. It also led to urbanization, a mixing of regional identities into a new French identity. The government's establishment of a national school system enforced the French language and national values, producing a generation of French citizens.

Nationalism's Consequences

• 00:38:15 The concept of nationalism has a dark side, often leading to persecution of minorities and conflict. The idea that a nation is defined by shared ethnic identity creates an 'us versus them' dynamic, where those outside the majority are seen as threats. Nationalism, particularly its extreme forms, has been a driving force behind wars and atrocities throughout history, as exemplified by the atrocities committed during World War II.